Subcycle vector optical pulsed bullets carrying optical angular momentum

Abstract

The generation and experimental realization of nondiffracting and nondispersive light pulses remain a difficult challenge in the field of optics. Recent advances in ultrafast optics allow for the production of high-power, few-cycle pulses with a significant fluence. Applying these capabilities to nondiffracting and nondispersive beams requires a thorough mathematical framework for describing highly focused vector pulses. In this study, we investigate vector optical bullets propagating in free space and in dielectric media, considering multiple polarization states such as linear, azimuthal and radial ones. We also note the differences between the vectorial and scalar models. Furthermore, we explore various group velocities: superluminal, subluminal and negative. Special attention is given to higher-order topological charges, revealing their influence on the spatial structure and propagation dynamics of these pulses. Finally, we demonstrate the possibility of generating subcycle duration pulsed beams, both in vacuum and in dielectric material, while preserving their nondiffracting and nondispersive characteristics, and investigate their spatial intensity distributions and temporal durations while also showcasing individual component influences on the total intensities.