Energetika

Integrating the circular business model into the packaging industry

Olga Lingaitienė — 2024-07-30

The article examines the integration of the circular economy business model into the packaging industry and analyses the integration of circular economy principles into the model of a functioning EU packaging company. The main objective is to offer adaptable solutions for the integration of the principles of the circular economy into the EU packaging company and the business models of other companies in the sector. The first part of this article provides an analysis of the scientific literature on circular economy principles, the models used, the identification and review of the basic principles of the circular economy, and the assessment of the main driving and limiting factors. When analysing the models applied, the one most suitable for enterprises in the field of packaging production is selected, thus creating a solid theoretical basis for the further integration of the principles of the circular economy into the company’s operating model. The second part analyses the innovations that integrate the principles of the circular economy into the EU packaging company’s business model. The goal is to find out what is important for customers in this sector and what is valued by the company’s employees and management. The third part of the article describes the results of the empirical study.

Investigation of the process of incineration of obsolete sludge

Zhanna Petrova — 2024-09-10

Preservation of natural resources and the environment is an urgent task in human development. In Ukraine, there is a problem of overcrowded sludge sites, which negatively affect the environment by polluting groundwater and soils with toxic substances. Most sludge sites contain sludge that is over 30 years old and is called obsolete. The aim of the article was to study the process of incineration of obsolete sludge. Fuel characteristics of sludge deposits were determined. The obtained indicator of the specific heat of combustion of sludge deposits is close to peat, which will further create a composite fuel. The combustion process of a separate particle of sludge, which determined the duration and speed of combustion, was studied. Taking the results of the obtained experiments on the combustion of a particle of sludge into account, a study of flare combustion was conducted. The research showed that the process of combustion of sludge particles in the flare corresponds to the generally accepted process of combustion of solid fuel in the flare.

Mathematical modelling of induction motors taking into account design-parameter asymmetry

Petro Kurliak — 2024-09-23

Due to their numerous technical and economic advantages, induction machines (IM) with squirrel-cage rotors are important components of many industrial processes. Their reliability, durability, and ease of operation make them indispensable in various industries, ensuring stable and efficient equipment performance. However, to minimise the risk of costly production failures caused by sudden stoppages, it is important to implement effective diagnostic and monitoring methods. The most common type of fault in squirrel-cage induction motors is the breakage of cage bars and end ring segments, particularly in motors with high inertia loads and frequent stops and starts. Regular maintenance and the implementation of modern control systems in the industry will help ensure the reliable and uninterrupted operation of these machines. In the technical literature, various diagnostic methods have been proposed. Some are based on analysing data collected from the induction motor (IM), detecting characteristic perturbations that indicate faults in the machine. Other methods involve comparing the data obtained from the actual induction motor with its digital model. It is clear that accurate and adequate IM models are necessary for the development and optimisation of fault diagnosis methods. This paper focuses on developing a mathematical model of an induction motor (IM) in a stator-fixed coordinate system, where the squirrel-cage rotor of the IM is represented as a multiphase, symmetrically distributed winding system in space. The adequacy of the obtained model is demonstrated. The developed model allows for the analysis of various types of asymmetries in both stator and rotor of squirrel-cage induction motors