Research into the influence of contrasting trophic conditions of vernalization on the allelic state of Vrn genes and development rates of Triticum aestivum L.

Abstract

The influence of contrasting trophic conditions of vernalization on the allelic state of the Vrn genes and development rates of two winter wheat varieties, Mironovskaya 808 and Olvia, was investigated. Vernalization was carried out during 45 days at the temperature 4 ± 1°С under different conditions of trophic support. Whole seeds with endosperm and isolated buds, with added water and 3% solution of sucrose, were vernalized. The allelic state of the Vrn genes was identified by PCR using allele-specific primers on the sprouts at different phases of vernalization – 15, 30, and 45 days. Phenological observations were carried out by determining of the transition to the generative development of wheat plants, cultivated from the vernalized sprouts. According to the results obtained, it was established that the recessive state of the genes Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 was unchanged in all variants of the two winter wheat varieties on the 15th and 30th days of vernalization. After 45 days of vernalization, the recessive and dominant alleles in sprouts, vernalized under normal trophic conditions and with added 3% solution of sucrose, were detected at the Vrn-B1. All variants of wheat plants grown from vernalized sprouts under contrasting trophic conditions were transferred to the generative phase, but at different times. It could indicate an epigenetic regulation vernalization process. It was established that different trophic conditions during vernalization affected the changes of the allelic state of the Vrn-B1 gene and determined the transition to the generative development of winter wheat.