The molecular mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to highlight some of the newest research data and to present a summary of tissue-specific mechanisms involved in breast cancer metastasis. Breast cancer spreads to different distant organs, preferentially to bones, lung, liver and brain. Tumor cell migration and colonization requires a successful cascade of molecular events where different gene mutations and altered expression play an important role. The molecular basis of breast cancer metastatic process, especially the mechanism of organ-specific metastasis, is poorly understood and is presently extensively studied. Recent research data suggest that primary tumor gene signatures predict tumor metastatic potential and organ-specific tropism. The advanced knowledge and better understanding of metastatic process should help to tailor treatment directed towards preventing or delaying metastasis formation.